Large wild iris (Dietes grandiflora) is also known as fairy iris, native iris or African iris. The Chinese names are 鳶尾科 or 愛麗絲. It is a perennial plant that grow from creeping rhizomes (underground stem) or from seeds.
They have long, rigid, sword-like green leaves belonging to the Iridaceae family. This species is native to South Africa, common in horticulture and planted in gardens and along roadsides.
They flower in late spring and summer. The flowers are white marked with yellow and violet.
The petals and sepals are fused into a perianth with 6 petaloid segments arranged into 2 whorls. The outer whorls is commonly known as ‘falls’ while the inner whorl usually standing more upright, is known as ‘standards’. Dark markings made up of tiny yellow hairs are present on the outer whorl.
There are 3 stamens. Each stamen is situated behind the lilac coloured ‘petaloid stigma’.
The stigma is modified into lilac coloured petaloid structures. The ovary are below the perianth. This arrangement is known as ‘inferior ovary’. The other floral parts are situated above the ovary, they are epigynous to the inferior ovary.
The ovary has 3 carpels (chambers) with ovules.
The flowers are insect pollinated. After pollination, fertilization occurs. The male cells of the pollen grains fuse with the female egg cells in the ovules. Each fertilized egg develops into a baby plant inside the developing ovule. The ovules become seeds and the ovary become a capsule like fruit.
Dark brown seeds are dispersed after they matured.
African Iris grow fast and can commonly get overcrowded. In some places, it is regarded to an endemic plant or a pest.
Chinese paintings of flowers that are related to or look like iris
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Qi Baishi 齊白石 (1864 – 1957), Iris, ink and Chinese watercolour on paper 
Yu Jin-lan (余金蘭)(active around 1960), Iris and Butterfly 湖邊幽趣, ink and Chinese watercolour on paper Impressionist paintings of the iris
Vincent van Gogh (1853 – 1890), Irises Saint-Remy, 1889, oil on canvas, 71 x 93 cm, J. Paul Getty Museum Malibu 
Claude Monet (1840 – 1926), circa 1913 – 1922, Iris, oil on canvas, 106 x 155 cm), Collection of the Musee Marmottan, Paris 
Claude Monet (1840 – 1926), Iris, circa 1913 – 1922, oil on canvas, 200.7 x 100.3 cm) 
Claude Monet (1840 – 1926), Iris, circa 1915 – 1922, oil on canvas, 106 x 155 cm, Collection of Galerie Beyeler, Basel Bibliography :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietes_grandiflora
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_(plant)#/media/File:Parts_of_an_iris_flower.jpg
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B8%A2%E5%B0%BE%E5%B1%9E (鳶尾屬)
户辅圣 (2003) 中国画历代名家技法图典 花鳥编(上) 上海華书画出版社
Monet’s Years at Giverny: Beyond Impressionism (1978) The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Abrama ISBN 0-8109-2183-9
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